General
Scientific Names: Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel
Common Names: Bai Tou Weng,
Mao Gu Za Hua, Lao Gong Hua, Da Jiang Jun Cao.
BOTANICAL:
  
来 源：
为毛茛科植物白头翁pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel的根。
植物特征：
多年生草本，高达50cm，全株密被白色长柔毛。主根肥大，圆锥形，有时扭曲，黄褐色。叶互生，花期时较小，果期后增大；叶柄长，基部较宽或成鞘状；叶3全裂，顶生小裂片具短柄，广倒卵形，基部楔形，3深裂，裂片先端具2—3圆齿；侧生小叶无柄或近无柄；上面疏被伏毛，下面密被伏毛。花茎l一2，高10cm以上，花后伸长，密被长柔毛；总苞由3小苞片组成，基部愈合抱茎，小苞片常3深裂；花单一，钟形，直径3—4cm；萼片6，2轮排列，紫色，花瓣状，卵状长圆形或长圆形，长3—5cm，宽l一1．5cm，外面密被长柔毛；雄蕊多数，长约为花被的1/2，花药基着，黄色；雌蕊有多数离生心皮，花柱丝状，果时延长，密被白色羽状毛。瘦果多数密集成头状，瘦果长3—4mm，顶端有细长羽毛状宿存花柱，长3．5—6．5cm。花期3—5月，果期5—6月。
生药材鉴定：
本品呈类圆柱形或圆锥形，稍扭曲，长6～20cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面黄棕色或棕褐色，具不规则纵皱纹或纵皱纹或纵沟，皮部易脱落，露出黄色的木部，有的有网状裂纹或裂隙，近根头处常有朽状凹洞。根头部稍膨大，有白色绒毛，有的可见鞘状叶柄残基。质硬而脆，断面皮部黄白色或淡黄棕色，木部淡黄色。气微，味微苦涩。
Pharmacology
化学成分: 白头翁含原白头翁素(protoanemonin)，白头翁皂甙B(pulchinenoside)和白头翁皂甙A3，白头翁皂贰B4及胡萝卜甙等。
Efficacy
A new lupane type triterpenic acid, pulsatillic acid, and two new lupane type triterpenoid glycosides, pulsatilloside A and B, along with the known 23-hydroxybetulinic acid were isolated from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis. Their structures were characterized as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3 beta, 23-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside and 3 beta, 23-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of hydrolysis and spectral evidence including two-dimensional relay HOHAHA, one-dimensional multiple relay COSY and ROESY NMR techniques. Pulsatillic acid exhibited cytotoxic activities against P-388, Lewis lung carcinoma and human large-cell lung carcinoma. (source)
IN VITRO:
- Liu WK, et al.,
Apoptotic activity of betulinic acid derivatives on murine melanoma B16 cell line.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Sep 13; 498(1-3):71-8.
- Mimaki Y, et al.,
New bisdesmosidic triterpene saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis.
J Nat Prod. 2001 Sep; 64(9):1226-9.
- Ye WC, et al.,
Triterpenoids from Pulsatilla chinensis.
Phytochemistry. 1996 Jun; 42(3):799-802.
Safety
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