General

Scientific Names: Solanum lyratum Thunb.

Common Names: Bai Ying, Bai Mao Teng, Mao Feng Teng, Bai Cao, Qian Nian Bu Lan Xin, Pai Feng Teng, Mao Xiu Cai, Hu Lu Cao.

BOTANICAL:

植物形态 　多年生草质藤本，茎及叶密生有节长柔毛。叶互生，多为琴形，3.5～5.5cm，宽2.5～4cm，先端渐尖，基部全缘或有3～5深裂中裂片卵形，较大，两面均被长柔毛；叶柄全缘或有3～5深裂，中裂片卵形，较大，两面均被长柔毛；叶柄长约3cm。聚伞花序顶生或腋外生；花蓝色或白色，花萼5浅裂；花冠5深裂，自基部向外反折；雄蕊5，花药顶孔裂；子房2室。浆果圆球形，成熟后红色。花期7～9月，果期9～11月。

Pharmacology

【化学成分】白英全草含生物碱。千年不烂心茎中含甾体生物碱，有番茄烯胺、澳洲茄胺和蜀羊泉碱等。叶中还有含量较多的2-苦茄酸和b-苦茄碱较少的澳洲茄碱以及痕量的澳洲茄边碱。这些生物碱中主要的是蜀羊泉碱或番茄烯胺；b-苦茄酸有抗小鼠肉瘤-180的作用。

1. Yang JZ, et al., [Studies on chemical constituent of Solanum lyratum]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2002 Jan; 27(1):42-3. Chinese.
2. Ye W, et al., Steroidal glycoside and glycoalkaloid from Solanum lyratum. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2001 Apr; 29(4):421-423.
3. Kim HM, et al., The nitric oxide-producing properties of Solanum lyratum. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Nov 1; 67(2):163-9.
4. Kang SY, et al., Hepatoprotective activity of scopoletin, a constituent of Solanum lyratum. Arch Pharm Res. 1998 Dec; 21(6):718-22.
5. Lee YY, et al., Two new soladulcidine glycosides from Solanum lyratum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1997 Aug; 45(8):1381-2.
6. Murakami K, et al., [Studies on the constituents of Solanum plants. I. On the constituents of the stem parts of Solanum lyratum Thunb (author's transl)]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1981 Mar; 101(3):275-9. Japanese.
   
   

Efficacy

抗肿瘤作用：和红枣1：1混合制成煎剂、糖浆剂对小白鼠艾氏腹水癌及棱形细胞肉瘤的实体型及腹水型有抑制作用，临床上对子宫颈癌有效，但重复率低，进一步用相当生药40，80，120g/kg/天的煎剂及小剂量递增的给药方法，均无明显抗小鼠棱形细胞肉瘤实体型、艾氏腹水癌实体型及肉瘤180的作用，但醇提取物对小鼠肉瘤180则有抑制作用，其有效成分为b-苦茄碱。

IN VITRO:

1. Shan CM, et al., Study of apoptosis in human liver cancers. World J Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr; 8(2):247-52.
   

IN VIVO:

1. Shan CM, et al., Study of apoptosis in human liver cancers. World J Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr; 8(2):247-52.
2. Wang GT. [Treatment of operated late gastric carcinoma with prescription of strengthening the patient's resistance and dispelling the invading evil in combination with chemotherapy: follow-up study of 158 patients and experimental study in animals]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1990 Dec; 10(12):712-6, 707. Chinese.
   

CLINICAL:

158 cases of late gastric carcinoma (11 males and 47 females, age 30-70 years) were treated postoperatively with TCM prescriptions of strengthening the patient's resistance and dispelling the invading evil in combination with chemotherapy. The main ingredients were Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Atractylodes, Herba Solani Hyrati, Herba Oldenlandiae and Herba Salviae. The prescription was individualized by adding or subtracting some herbs according to TCM syndrome diagnosis at the time of patient's visit. The decoction was given daily for a long time, three to four years or even longer. It was given alone or together with regimes of chemotherapy at random. The average survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 41.07% and 30.36% respectively. Seven patients have lived for more than 11 years. 10 years survival rate was 12.5%. The combination of Chinese medicine with chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy regime alone (single 5-Fu or CCNU+5-Fu, MMF). Immunological studies of the survivors revealed an enhancement of both humoral and cellular immunity especially the function of peripheral NK cells. The decoction had been given to mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. The amount of ascitic fluid was reduced and its cancer cell count decreased besides a significant increase in over-all survival rate of the animals. It suggested that the above prescription might have an inhibitory or even killing effect on tumor cells. T cell immunity of the treated mice was also improved as seen among patients. (Source)

1. Wang GT. [Treatment of operated late gastric carcinoma with prescription of strengthening the patient's resistance and dispelling the invading evil in combination with chemotherapy: follow-up study of 158 patients and experimental study in animals]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1990 Dec; 10(12):712-6, 707. Chinese.