General
Scientific Names: Taxus chinensis.
Common Names: Hong Dou Shan.
BOTANICAL:
植物特征:
常绿乔木; 小枝互生。叶螺旋状着生,基部扭转排成二列,条形,通常微弯,长1--2.5厘米,宽2--2.5毫米,边缘微反曲,先端渐尖或微急尖,下面沿中脉两侧有两条宽灰绿色或黄绿色气孔带,绿色边带极窄,中脉带上有密生均匀的微小乳头点。雌雄异株; 球花单生叶腋; 雌球花的胚珠单生于花轴上部侧生短轴的顶端,基部托以圆盘状假种皮。种子篇卵圆形,生于红色肉质的怀状假神皮中,长约5毫米,先端微有二脊,种脐卵圆形。
资源分布:
生于林中,经常在溪流旁与竹林丛生,海拔1100-2500米。分布于安徽南部的黄山,福建,甘肃南部,广西北部,贵州的西部和东南部,湖北西部,湖南东北部,陕西南部,四川,云南东部,浙江;在江西庐山和越南北部也有栽培。
Pharmacology
紫杉醇被当今世界上公认为广谱、活性最强的抗癌药物,尤其是对子宫癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌具有特殊的疗效,它的问世被誉为90年代国际上抗癌药三大成就之一。紫杉醇是70年代由Wani等人从短叶红豆杉Taxus brevifolia Nutt.树皮中提取分离出来的一种结构复杂的二萜类化合物,其抗癌机制在于它能作用于细胞有丝分裂过程中形成纺锤体的微管蛋白,促进微管聚合并抑制其解聚,因此是一种非常有发展前途的抗癌新药。据NCI观测,在今后的10~15年内,紫杉醇将成为抗癌的主要药品之一。红豆杉属植物在全世界存在有11种,由于紫杉醇抗癌作用的发现,使得该属植物成为天然产物化学家的研究热点,迄今为止共计分离出170多种紫杉醇的类似物,仅在近6年间就分离出115种。但药理学家证明,在众多的类似物中,具有抗癌活性的仅为分子中含有C5、C4、C20位的环氧丙烷结构的10余种,其中紫杉醇的活性最强。近年来,我国学者徐学民等从四川产的云南红豆杉T.yunnanensis的树皮中分得一个具有较强生物活性的新紫杉烷类似物,命名为紫杉次碱(taxotine)。经用 3H-TDR掺入法测定该化合物对P388淋巴细胞白血病DNA合成的抑制强度比平行操作的对照品紫杉醇大6.5倍(紫杉次碱的IC50 1.12 μg/mL,紫杉醇的IC50为7.4 μg/mL)。
Efficacy
Extracts from cultured cells of Taxus chinensis could have cytotoxic effect on SMMC-7721 and could induce apoptosis of cancer cells. (source)
Twelve taxane diterpenes (1-12), which were isolated previously from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Taxus yunnanensis or Taxus chinensis, were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the multidrug resistant cancer cells KB-VIN and KB-7d. Compounds and showed significant cytotoxicity in these cell lines. Compounds and also demonstrated significant activity against KB-7d. The biflavonoid isolated from T. yunnanensis was only marginally cytotoxic against the A549 (lung) cell line, but a simple methoxylated analogue (14) was inactive. (source)
Taxol from Taxus chinensis has been shown to be an important new anticancer drug with unique chemical structure and mechanism of action... (source)
IN VITRO:
- Lu C, et al.,
[Study on anti-tumor activity of extracts from cultured cells of Taxus chinensis].
Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 May; 26(5):335-7. Chinese.
- Shinozaki Y, et al.,
Multidrug resistant cancer cells susceptibility to cytotoxic taxane diterpenes from Taxus yunnanensis and Taxus chinensis.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2002 Oct 7; 12(19):2785-8.
- Han R.
Highlight on the studies of anticancer drugs derived from plants in China.
Stem Cells. 1994 Jan; 12(1):53-63.
Safety |