General

Scientific Names: Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai.

Common Names: Hu Ji Sheng, Bei Ji Sheng, Sang Ji Sheng, Liu Ji Sheng, Ji Sheng Zi.

BOTANICAL:

来源: 为桑寄生科植物槲寄生Viscum coloratum(Kom.) Nakai的带叶茎枝。

植物形态: 常绿半寄生小灌木，高30—60cm。茎枝圆柱形、黄绿色或绿色，节明显，节上2—3叉状分枝。单叶对生，生于枝端，无柄，近肉质，有光泽，椭圆状披针形或倒披针形，全缘，两面无毛。花单性异株，生于枝端或分叉处；雄花花被4裂，雄蕊4，无花丝，花药多室；雌花1—3朵生于粗短的总花 梗上，花被钟状、4裂，子房下位。浆果球形，半透明，熟时橙红色，富有粘液质。花期4—5月，果期9月。 寄生于榆树、桦树、枫树、梨树、麻栎等树上。主产东北、华北地区。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 茎叶含齐墩果酸、β-香树脂醇（β-amyrin）、内消旋肌醇（mesoinositol）及黄酮类化合物；叶还含黄槲寄生甙A、B及羽扁豆醇（Iupeol）。

Efficacy

1.增强免疫功能 给小鼠腹腔注射新鲜非发酵的白果槲寄生植物汁10mg／kg，隔不同时间进行胶体碳清除率测定。开始时对单核吞噬细胞系统无影响，48h后吞噬细胞指数明显增加，于120小时恢复正常；注射植物汁24小时时脾脏重量减少,48小时时增加，120小时恢复正常。将绵羊红细胞（SRBC）和植物汁（10mg/kg）或多糖组分（120mg/kg）给小鼠腹腔注射，免疫3日后IgM抗体生成显著增加，在第5日和第9日脾脏内的IgM-PFC数量也明显增加。将SRBC与不同剂量的植物汁混合，给小鼠皮下注射，于5日后可引起迟发型超敏反应。白果槲寄生提取液还能促进特异性和非特异性免疫功能。

2.抗肿瘤作用 启果槲寄生的主要成分蛋白质、多糖和脂类，对肿瘤细胞有直接抑制作用。体外实验表明，白果槲寄生蛋白质对恶性肿瘤细胞起着其他细胞抑制剂起不到的特殊作用。

IN VITRO:

1. Choi SH, et al., Mistletoe lectin induces apoptosis and telomerase inhibition in human A253 cancer cells through dephosphorylation of Akt. Arch Pharm Res. 2004 Jan; 27(1):68-76.
2. Yoon TJ, et al., Antitumor activity of the Korean mistletoe lectin is attributed to activation of macrophages and NK cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Oct; 26(10):861-7.
3. Kim MS, et al., Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in mistletoe lectin-II-induced apoptosis of myeloleukemic U937 cells. Life Sci. 2003 Jul 25; 73(10):1231-43.
4. Lyu SY, et al., Korean mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells is associated with inhibition of telomerase via mitochondrial controlled pathway independent of p53. Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Feb; 25(1):93-101.
5. Park WB, et al., Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by Korean mistletoe lectin is associated with apoptosis and antiangiogenesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2001 Oct; 16(5):439-47.
6. Kim MS, et al., Activation of caspase cascades in Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) lectin-II-induced apoptosis of human myeloleukemic U937 cells. Gen Pharmacol. 2000 May; 34(5):349-55.
7. Park R, et al., Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in mistletoe lectin II-induced apoptosis of human myeloleukemic U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Dec 1; 60(11):1685-91.
8. Yoon TJ, et al., Lectins isolated from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Cancer Lett. 1999 Feb 8; 136(1):33-40.
9. Yoon TJ, et al., Prophylactic effect of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract on tumor metastasis is mediated by enhancement of NK cell activity. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1998 Apr-May; 20(4-5):163-72.
10. Khwaja TA, et al., Isolation of biologically active alkaloids from Korean mistletoe Viscum album, coloratum. Experientia. 1980 May 15; 36(5):599-600.
    

IN VIVO:

1. Yoon TJ, et al., Inhibitory effect of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis of haematogenous and non-haematogenous tumour cells in mice. Cancer Lett. 1995 Oct 20; 97(1):83-91.
   

Safety

毒理学： 白果槲寄生植物汁小鼠腹腔注射的LD50约为32mg／kg，其多糖组分小鼠腹腔注射的一次耐受量大于2.25g/kg。