General

Scientific Names: Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.

Common Names: Mu Dan, Mu Shao Yao, Dan Pi, Fen Dan Pi, Tiao Dan Pi, Luo Yang Hua.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为毛茛科植物牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.的干燥根皮。

植物特征： 毛茛科，芍药属，落叶灌木，茎高达2m。分枝短而粗。根皮厚，外皮灰褐色至紫棕色。叶通常为二回三出复叶；顶生小叶宽卵形，长7—8cm，宽5．5—7cm，3裂至中部，裂片不裂或2—3浅裂；侧生小叶近无柄，狭卵形或长圆状卵形，不等2裂至3裂或不裂。花单生校顶，大型，直径10—l 7cm；苞片5，长椭圆形；萼片5，绿色，宽卵形；花瓣5，或为重瓣，倒卵形，顶端呈不规则的浅波状，玫瑰色、红紫色、粉红色至白色，通常变异很大；雄蕊多数；心皮5，密生柔毛；花盘革质，完全包住心皮。蓇葖果长圆形，密生黄褐色硬毛。花期5月，果期6月。

生药材鉴定： 呈筒状或半筒状，有纵剖开的裂缝，略向内卷曲或张开，长5～20cm，直径0.5～1.2cm,厚0.1～0.4cm。外表面灰褐色或黄褐色，有多数横长皮孔及细根痕，栓皮脱落处粉红色。内表面淡灰黄色或浅棕色，有明显的细纵纹，常见发亮的结晶。质硬而脆，易折断，断面较平坦，淡粉红色，粉性。气芳香，味微苦而涩。

Pharmacology

化学成分:根皮含芍药甙(paeoninorin)、羟基芍药甙(oxypaeoniHorin)、苯甲酰芍药甙(benzoylpaeoniflorin)、苯甲酰羟基芍药甙(benzoyloxypaeoniflorin)、丹皮酚(Paeono1)、丹皮酚甙(paeonoside)、丹皮酚原甙(paeono1ide)、丹皮酚新甙(apiopaeonoside)。

Efficacy

The root of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS is an important Chinese crude drug used in many traditional prescriptions. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), a major component of this crude drug, has been shown to possess potent anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-proliferative effects. In the present study, we examined the effect of PGG on the expression of neuronal heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress protein that degrades heme to the neuroactive molecule, carbon monoxide and the anti-oxidant, biliverdin. Exposure of Neuro 2A cells to PGG (10-50 microM) resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent induction of HO-1 mRNA, and protein expressions and heme oxygenase activity. Interestingly, pretreatment of the neuronal cells with PGG resulted in enhanced cellular resistance to hydrogen peroxide. This cytoprotective effect was reversed by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of heme oxygenase. This study showed that PGG could protect neuronal cells from oxidative stress via the induction of HO-1 gene expression. (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Lee SJ, et al., Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 activity by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose in murine macrophage cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Oct; 26(10):832-9.
2. Choi BM, et al., 1 ,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose protects rat neuronal cells (Neuro 2A) from hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death via the induction of heme oxygenase-1. Neurosci Lett. 2002 Aug 9; 328(2):185-9.
3. Oh GS, et al., In vitro anti-proliferative effect of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-HEP-1 cells. Cancer Lett. 2001 Dec 10; 174(1):17-24.
4. Sakamoto S, et al., Pharmacotherapeutic effects of kuei-chih-fu-ling-wan (keishi-bukuryo-gan) on human uterine myomas. Am J Chin Med. 1992; 20(3-4):313-7.
   
   

Safety

宜忌: 　 血虚、寒证、孕妇及月经过多者慎服。