General
Scientific Names: Dianthus superbus L.
Common Names: Qu Mai,
Ye Mai, Shi Yang Jing Hua, Zu Jie Cao.
BOTANICAL:
 
来 源：
为石竹科植物瞿麦 Dianthus superbus L. 的地上部分。
植物特征：
多年生草本，高30-60cm。茎丛生，直立，上部2歧分枝，节膨大。叶对生，线形至线状披针形，顶端渐尖，基部成短鞘状抱茎，全缘，两面粉绿色。花单生或数朵集成疏 聚伞花序，小苞片4—6，宽卵形，先端急尖或渐尖，长约为萼筒的1／4；萼圆筒状，细长，先端5裂；花瓣粉紫色，先端深细裂成丝状，喉部有须毛；雄蕊10；子房1室，花柱2。蒴果长筒形，4齿裂，有宿萼。种子扁平，黑色，边缘有宽于种子的翅。花期6—9月。果期7—10月。
生药材鉴定：
为植物瞿麦的干燥全草，长30余厘米，茎直立，谈绿至黄绿色，光滑无毛，节部稍膨大。 叶多数完整，对生，线形或线状披针形。花全长约3~4厘米，有淡黄色膜质的宿萼，萼筒长约为全花的3/4；萼下小苞片淡黄色，约为萼筒的1/4。花冠先端深裂成细线条，淡红或淡紫色。有时可见到蒴果，长圆形，外表皱缩，顶端开裂，种子褐色、扁平。茎中空，质脆易断。气微，味微甜。
Pharmacology
化学成分: 含异红草素 (isoorientin) 等黄酮化合物，尚含 瞿麦皂甙A—D (dianthus saponin) ，其中之一的皂甙元为丝石竹皂甙元 (gypsogenin) 。
Efficacy
A new cyclic peptide, longicalycinin A (1), and six known compounds, vaccaroside A, dianoside A, dianoside G, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)propionic acid methyl ester, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were isolated from the MeOH extract of Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus. The amino acid sequences of 1 was elucidated as cyclo(Gly(1)-Phe(2)-Tyr(3)-Pro(4)-Phe(5)-) on the basis of ESI tandem mass fragmentation analysis, chemical evidence, and extensive 2D NMR methods. Furthermore, compound 1 showed cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cancer cell line. (source)
Four new cyclic peptides, dianthins C-F (1-4), and a new dianthramide, 4-methoxydianthramide B (5), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Dianthus superbus. The sequences of cyclic peptides 1-4 were elucidated as cyclo(Gly(1)-Pro(2)-Phe(3)-Tyr(4)-Val(5)-Ile(6)-), cyclo(Gly(1)-Ser(2)-Leu(3)-Pro(4)-Pro(5)-Ile(6)-Phe(7)-), cyclo(Gly(1)-Pro(2)-Ile(3)-Ser(4)-Phe(5)-Val(6)-), and cyclo(Gly(1)-Pro(2)-Phe(3)-Val(4)-Phe(5)-) on the basis of ESI tandem mass fragmentation analysis, chemical evidence, and extensive 2D NMR methods. The conformation of compound 1 was established as an alpha-helix by CD analysis. Furthermore, compounds 3 and 5 showed cytotoxicities toward the Hep G2 cancer cell line with IC(50) values of 2.37 and 4.08, respectively. (source)
IN VITRO:
- Hsieh PW, et al.,
Longicalycinin A, a new cytotoxic cyclic peptide from Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus (MAXIM.) WILL.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2005 Mar; 53(3):336-8.
- Hsieh PW, et al.,
New cytotoxic cyclic peptides and dianthramide from Dianthus superbus.
J Nat Prod. 2004 Sep; 67(9):1522-7.
Safety
宜忌:
脾、肾气虚及孕妇忌服。①《本草经集注》：“蓑草、牡丹为之使。恶桑螵蛸。” ②《品汇精要》：“妊娠不可服。”③《本草经疏》：“凡肾气虚，小肠无大热者忌之；胎前产后一切虚人，患小水不利，法并禁用；水肿蛊胀，脾虚者不得施。”
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