General

Scientific Names: Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen

Common Names:San Qi, Tian Qi, Tian San Qi, Jin Bu Huan, Han San Qi, Shen San Qi.

BOTANICAL:

中药材基原: 为五加科多年生草本植物三七Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen 的干燥根。

植物形态： 多年生草本，高达60cm。根茎短，茎直立，光滑无毛。掌状复叶，具长柄，3～4片轮生于茎顶；小叶3～7，椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形，边缘有细锯齿。伞形花序顶生，花序梗从茎顶中央抽出，长20～30cm。花小，黄绿色；花萼5裂；花瓣、雄蕊皆为5。核果浆果状，近肾形，熟时红色。种子1～3，扁球形。花期6～8月，果期8～10月。

资源分布: 主产于云南、广西。多为栽培品。

药材特征: 主根呈类圆锥形或圆柱形，长1～6cm，直径1～4cm。表面灰褐或灰黄色，有断续的纵皱纹及支根痕。顶端有茎痕，周围有瘤状突起。体重，质坚实，断面灰绿、黄绿或灰白色，木部微呈放射状排列，皮部有细小棕色树脂道斑点，击碎后皮部与木部常分离。气微，味苦回甜。筋条呈圆柱形，长2～6cm，上端直径约 0.8cm，下端直径约 0．3cm。剪口呈不规则的皱缩块状或条状，表面有数个明显的茎痕及环纹，断面中心灰白色，边缘灰色。

Pharmacology

Chemical Ingredients:

1. essential oil: (gamma-muurolene, (cyperene), (alpha-elemene); (gammma-cadinene), (delta-cadinene), (alpha-gurjunene), (alpha-guaiene), (alpha-copaene), beta-cuabebene), (caryophyllene), (delta-guaiene), (alpha-cedrene), (1, 9, 9-trimethyl-4, 7-dimethano-2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8-hexahydroazulene), (1, 1, 5, 5-tetramethyl-4-methano-2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10-hexahydronaphthalene)(, (cuparene), (beta-elemene), (gamma-elemene), (alpha-muurolene), (beta-guaiene), (2, 6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl phenol), (2, 8-dimethyl-5-acetyl-bicylo[5, 3, 0] decadiene-1,8), (methyl palmitate), (ethyl palmitate), (methyl heptadecadienoate), (methyl octgadecadienoate), (ethyl octadecadienoate), a(ditertbutyl phthalate), (dicapryl phthalate), (diisocapryl phthalate), (acetic acid), (heptanoic acid), (octanoic acid), (nonanoic acid), (palmitic acid), (isoallyl-benzene), (phenylethanone), (octadecadienoic acid), (3-ene-nonanone-2), (cyclododecanone), (trans-nonenal-2), (tridecene), ((1-methyl-4-dioximethylthino-bicycle[2, 2, 2]octane), (tetradecane), (pentadecane), (hexadecane), (heptadecane), (octadecane), (nonadecane), (eicosane), (heneicosane), (docosane), (alpha, alpha-dimethyl-benzenemethanol), (1-methoxthyl-benzene), (2, 2, 2-tri-ethoxyl-ethanol), (1-methyl-4-isoallyl-cyclohexane).

2. (ginsenoside) Rb 1 , Rd, Re, Rg, Rg 2 , Rh 1 [4-10] , (gypenoside XV II) [11] , (notoginsenoside) R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 [11, 12] . 4.42%.

3. (dencichine), (beta-N-oxalo-L-alpha, beta-diaminopropionic acid), 0.9%.

4. ( quercetin ), (beta-sitosterol), (stigmasterol), (daucostgerol) [10, 17] , (sanchinan A) [18] . Ca, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Mo, Mn, Mg, Ni, Zn.

化学成分: 含多种皂甙，总量约9.75～14.90％。和人参所含皂甙相似，但主要为达玛脂烷系皂甙,有人参皂甙R b1 、R b2 、R d 、R e 、R g1 、R g2 R h1 及三七皂甙R 1 、R 2 ( Notoginsenoside －R 1 、R 2 )等。此外尚含止血活性成分田七氨酸（ Dencichine ）及少量黄酮甙等。

1. He K, et a., A dammarane glycoside derived from ginsenoside Rb3. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2005 Feb; 53(2):177-9.
   

Efficacy

IN VITRO:

1. Wang ZB, et a., [Inhibiting effects of Panax notoginseng extracts on proliferation of GES-1 cells and MNNG-transformed GES-1 cells]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2004 Nov; 2(6):445-9. Chinese.
2. Chung VQ, et al., Interactions of a herbal combination that inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 May; 53(5):384-90. Epub 2004 Jan 17.
3. Li XH, et al., [Effect of panax notoginseng saponin on procoagulant activity and differentiation induction in NB4 cells]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2004 Jan; 24(1):63-6. Chinese.
4. Shi X, et al., Effects of san qi on gastric secretion and protective factors of gastric mucosa in the rat with precancerous lesion of stomach. J Tradit Chin Med. 2003 Sep; 23(3):220-4.
5. Chan RY, et al., Estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside Rg1 derived from Panax notoginseng. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug; 87(8):3691-5.
6. Chen FD, et al., Sensitization of a tumor, but not normal tissue, to the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation using Panax notoginseng extract. Am J Chin Med. 2001; 29(3-4):517-24.
7. Lam SK, et al., Isolation of a novel thermolabile heterodimeric ribonuclease with antifungal and antiproliferative activities from roots of the sanchi ginseng Panax notoginseng. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 13; 285(2):419-23.
8. Konoshima T, et al., Anti-carcinogenic activity of the roots of Panax notoginseng. II. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Oct; 22(10):1150-2.
9. Yu XY, et al., [A prospective clinical study on reversion of 200 precancerous patients with hua-sheng-ping]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1993 Mar; 13(3):147-9, 132. Chinese.
   

Safety

使用注意: 血虚无瘀者忌服。