General

Scientific Names: Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

Common Names: Shang Lu, Shan Luo Bo, Shui Luo Bo, Dang Lu.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 本品为商陆科植物商陆Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.的干燥根。

植物特征： 多年生草本，高约达1．5m。叶互生，卵圆形或椭圆形，长12～25cm，宽5～10cm；叶柄长3cm。总状花序顶生或与叶对生；花被片5，卵形；雄蕊8；心皮8～10，离生。果穗直立，分果浆果状，扁球形，紫黑色，具宿存花被。花期6～7月，果期8～9月。

生药材鉴定： 本品为横切或纵切的不规则块片。外皮灰黄色或灰棕色，横切片弯曲不平，边缘皱缩，直径2～8cm，切面浅黄棕色或黄白色，木部隆起，形成数个突起的同心性环轮。纵切片弯曲或卷曲，长5～8cm，宽1～2cm，木部呈平行条状突起。质硬。气微，味稍甜，久嚼麻舌。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 含三萜皂甙及甾醇类化合物，另含加利果酸、商陆皂甙元及去羟基加利果酸（esculentic acid）等。

Efficacy

Effects of Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides I (PAP-I), 5 approximately 40 mg/kg in timing of 7 times/wk, 3 times/wk and 1 time/wk on their antitumor efficiency in Sarcoma-180 bearing mice were comparatively investigated. The results confirmed that PAP-I (10 mg/kg, 3 times/wk) reached its optimal antitumor efficiency. Concanavalin A-, lipopolysaccharides-induced lymphocyte proliferation and the IL-2 production were tested in normal mice which were treated with PAP-I, 5 approximately 50 mg/kg in timing of 1 time/wk and 3 times/wk. The results showed that PAP-I could augment lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production in the group treated with PAP-I in timing of once a week. However, in the group 3 times/wk, PAP-I could significantly weaken lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production. Further studies on IL-1, TNF and IL-6 secreted from macrophages and the level of CSF activity in serum of normal mice with different schedules showed that PAP-I (10 mg/kg, 3 time/wk) was the best one in regulating the production of IL-1, TNF, IL-6 and CSF activity. M-CSF was confirmed in the serum by using monoclonal antibody of IL-3, GM-CSF and polyclonal antibody of M-CSF. These results suggested that the antitumor effect of PAP-I, may be mainly related to its augmenting effect on macrophages in mice. (source)

The antitumor activities of Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides I (PAP-I) and its effects on the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and immunological cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages were studied. PAP-I was given ip 5-20 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 7 d to ICR mice as priming agent with subsequent lipopolysaccharides (10 micrograms/mouse) iv for TNF production. TNF activity was measured by crystal violet staining assay using L929 cells. PAP-I showed priming activity for TNF production with hepto-splenic hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner. The peritoneal macrophages treated with PAP-I 10 and 20 mg.kg-1 showed 67 and 74%, respectively, cytotoxicity (the control 34% cytotoxicity) against Meth A cells at effector:target = 40:1. PAP-I 10 and 20 mg.kg-1 prolonged the survival time of mice bearing ascites Meth A tumor from 21 +/- 4 to 32 +/- 10 and 38 +/- 8 d and inhibited the solid Meth A tumor growth with inhibition rate of 28.5 and 55.7%, respectively. These results suggested that the antitumor activities of PAP-I were based on the activation of macrophages and induction of TNF. (source)

IN VIVO:

1. Wang HB, et al., Effects of Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides I with different schedules on its antitumor efficiency in tumor bearing mice and production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF, CSF activity in normal mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1997 May; 19(2):197-213.
2. Zhang JP, et al., Antitumor activity and tumor necrosis factor production of Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides I in mice. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1993 Nov; 14(6):542-5.
3. Zhang JP, et al., [Effects of Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides I on cytotoxicity of macrophages and its production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1990 Jul; 11(4):375-7. Chinese.
   
   
   

Safety

宜忌: 脾胃虚弱及体虚水肿慎服，孕妇禁服。本品有毒，宜从小计量开始，且须饭后服。