General

Scientific Names: Diospyros kaki L. f.

Common Names:Shi Di, Shi Ye, Shi Qian, Shi Ding.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为柿树科植物柿Diospyros kaki L. f. 果实的宿萼。

植物特征： 落叶乔木，高达14米。树皮鳞皮状开裂，灰黑色；枝深棕色，具棕色皮孔，微有毛，嫩枝有柔毛。叶互生；叶柄有柔毛；叶片椭圆形至倒卵圆形，长6～18cm，先端渐尖，基部阔楔形，全缘，革质，上面深绿色，主脉疏生柔毛，下面淡绿色，有短柔毛，沿叶脉密生淡褐色绒毛。花杂性，雄花成聚伞花序，雌花单生叶腋；花黄白色，花萼下部短桶状，4裂，内面有毛；花萼钟形，4裂；雄蕊在雄花中16枚，在两性花中8～16枚，雌花有8枚退化雄蕊；子房上位，8室，花柱自基部分离。浆果卵圆球形，直径3.5～8厘米橙黄色或鲜黄色，基部有宿存萼片。花期5月。果期9 ～10月。

生药材鉴定： 宿萼皿状，萼筒部平展，类方形，直径1*.5～2.5cm，边缘4裂，裂片宽三角形，长1～1.5cm，宽约2cm，常向外反卷，基部有果柄或圆形果柄痕；外表面红棕色，内表面黄棕色，萼筒密生锈色有光泽的短绒毛，作放射状排列。质硬脆。味微涩。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 含齐墩果酸（oleanolic acid）、熊果酸（ursolic acid）、白桦脂酸（betulic acid）、丁香酸（syringic acid）、香草酸（vanillic acid）、B-谷甾醇及其糖甙（B-sitosseryl-B-glucoside）、三叶豆甙（trifolin）、金丝桃甙（hyperin）、山奈酚（kaempferol）等。

Efficacy

Flavonoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki L (FLDK-P70) are main therapeutic components of NaoXingQing, which is a novel and patented Traditional Chinese Medicine drug used for the treatment of syndrome of apoplexy for years in China. The present study investigated the effects of FLDK-P70 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis-like damage of NG108-15 cells. Pretreatment of cells with FLDK-P70 alleviated H2O2-induced cell injury and apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and improving redox imbalance as indicated by the alleviation of the decline in the intracellular endogenous antioxidants: glutathione and glutathione peroxidase as well as catalase, with the decrease of the leak of lactate dehydrogenase and the reduction of the accumulation of malondialdehyde. These results indicate that FLDK-P70 may be potentially used in the prevention and treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury and other neurodegenerative disease. Upregulating bcl-2 and improving cellular redox state by FLDK-P70 may play critical roles in attenuating oxidative injury. (source)

We have investigated the effects of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) extract (PS) and related polyphenol compounds such as catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epicatechingallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) on the growth of human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. We found that PS, ECG, EGC, and EGCG strongly inhibited the growth of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, while C and EC inhibited the growth of the cells only moderately. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, was inhibited by 10-20% by these polyphenol compounds. The morphology of the Molt 4B cells indicated severe damage 3 days after treatment with PS, ECG, EGC, and EGCG. Irregular shape of the cells and DNA fragmentation were observed in PS, ECG, EGC, or EGCG-treated cells. These results suggest that PS, ECG, EGC, and EGCG induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) of Molt 4B cells. (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Bie W, et al., Flavonoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of NG108-15 cells. Life Sci. 2005 Mar 11; 76(17):1975-88.
2. Achiwa Y, et al., Inhibitory effects of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) extract and related polyphenol compounds on growth of human lymphoid leukemia cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Jul; 61(7):1099-101.
   
   
   
   
   

Safety