General

Scientific Names: Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. .

Common Names:Teng Huang Shu.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为藤黄科植物藤黄Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f.树干渗出的树脂。

生药材鉴定： 本品呈圆柱形或不规则块状，直径2.5～4厘米，长可达16厘米，表面红黄色或橙黄色，有纵条纹，有的被黄绿色粉霜。质硬而脆，易折断，断面平滑，黄色至黄褐色，具蜡样光泽。用水研磨则呈黄色乳状液；投火中，则燃烧。气微，味辛。以圆柱状或片块大、断面似蜡质、呈半透明状、红黄色者为佳。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 樹脂含藤黃素， 包括α-藤黃素(α-Guttiferin) 和β-藤黃素（β-Guttiferin）; 還含藤黃酸（Morellic acid）、異藤黃酸（Isomorellic acid） 。

Efficacy

Three new caged xanthones, 7-methoxydesoxymorellin (1), 2-isoprenylforbesione (2) and 8,8a-epoxymorellic acid (3), together with nine known caged xanthones were isolated from the EtOAc extracts of resin and fruits of Garcinia hanburyi. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Most of the isolated compounds showed significant cytotoxicities against a panel of mammalian cancer cell lines. Compound 3, together with the known compounds desoxymorellin, morellic acid, gambogic acid, hanburin, forbesione and dihydroisomorellin, exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity in the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay while the known compounds desoxygambogenin and dihydroisomorellin were found moderately active in the syncytium assay. (source)

Gambogic acid (GA), a natural product isolated from the gamboge resin of Garcinia hanburyi tree, is an effective telomerase inhibitor and thus displays potent anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. Here we present the direct interaction of GA with oncogene c-MYC, a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, as the molecular mechanism of GA's inhibitory effect on telomerase activity. Consistent with the recently reported association between c-MYC overexpression and induction of telomerase activity, we find here that GA treatment of a human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 significantly reduced the expression of c-MYC in a time- and concentration-dependent manner accompanied with the down-regulation of the hTERT transcription and the ultimate reduction in telomerase activity. Our results indicate that the hTERT is a target of c-MYC activity and identify a feasible mechanism of GA's potent anticancer activity. (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Reutrakul V, et al., Cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 caged xanthones from the resin and fruits of Garcinia hanburyi. Planta Med. 2007 Jan;73(1):33-40. Epub 2006 Nov 21.
2. Guo QL, et al., Inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression by gambogic acid in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Life Sci. 2006 Feb 9;78(11):1238-45. Epub 2005 Oct 27.
   
   
   
   
   
   

Safety

毒 性 : 藤黃為峻瀉藥， 誤食4g 即可中毒。 它 對 胃 壁 神 經 和 胃 腸 黏 膜 有 強 烈 剌 激 作 用 ， 主 耍 症 狀 為 急 性 胃 腸 炎 反 應 、 如 嘔 吐 、 腹 痛 、 腹 瀉 , 嚴 重 者 出 現 便 血 甚 至 因 脫 水 休 克 而 致 命 。