General

Scientific Names: Smilax glabra Roxb.

Common Names: Tu Fu Ling, Leng Fan Tuan, Ying Fan Tou, Hong Tu Ling.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为百合科植物光叶菝葜Smilax glabra Roxb.的根茎。

植物特征： 常绿攀缘状灌木。茎无刺。叶互生，薄革质，长圆形至椭圆状披针形，长5～12cm，宽1～5cm，先端渐尖，全缘，下面通常绿色，有时略有白粉，基出脉3条；有卷须。花单性异株，腋生伞形花序；花被片6，内轮细小，白色或黄绿色；雄花雄蕊6；雌花具退化雄蕊，子房上位。浆果球形，红色，外被白粉。花期7～8月，果期9～10月。

生药材鉴定： 干燥根茎为不规则块状，略呈扁圆柱形而弯曲不直，多分歧，有结节状隆起，长约5～ 15厘米，直径约2～5厘米；表面土棕色或棕色，粗糙，常有刀伤切口及侧根残余部分，上端具茎痕；质坚硬，不易折断，断面粗糙，有粉性，淡棕色；气微，味甘淡。土茯苓片为长形薄片，大小不等，厚约1～3毫米，边缘不整齐，淡棕色或淡黄色；表面光滑(薄片)或稍粗糙(厚：片)。中间略具维管束点，仔细观察时可见砂砾样的光亮。纵切片常见花纹。导管不规则，富粉质，微有弹性，用水润湿后，手摸之有光滑感。以淡棕色、粉性足、纤维少者为佳。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 根茎含皂甙、鞣质、树脂等。同属植物Smilaxpseudo一china 的根含生物碱、挥发油、己糖、鞣质、植物甾醇及亚油酸、油酸等。根茎含菝葜皂甙类(smilax saponins),其中一种已知为薯蓣皂甙元(diosgenin)与1分子葡萄糖、2分子鼠李糖组成；皂甙元尚有提果皂甙元。另含落新妇甙、异黄杞甙、琥珀酸、胡萝卜甙、棕榈酸、β-谷甾醇，以及生物碱、挥发油、糖、鞣质、树脂、甾醇、淀粉等。

Efficacy

A decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus root and Smilax glabra rhizome is used by traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka to treat cancer and has been shown to prevent chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. The cytotoxicity of the decoction and the individual plant extracts were tested on the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. The effects of 24 h incubation with different concentrations (0--50 mg/ml) of the extracts on HepG2 cells were determined. Results from MTT and SRB assays, and [(14)C]-leucine and [(3)H]-thymidine uptake demonstrated that the decoction had a strong dose-dependent cytotoxic activity. The greatest inhibitory effects were observed on DNA synthesis with both the decoction (91+/-S.E. 3.7% inhibition) and N. sativa plant extract (88+/-3.8%) even at low concentrations (5 mg/ml). The three individual plant extracts were cytotoxic in the order of potency N. sativa>H. indicus>S. glabra. Flow cytometric analysis using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining showed that after 24 h exposure to the decoction, cells were in the late stage of apoptosis and/or necrosis. Further experiments are worthwhile to determine the anticancer potential of this plant decoction and its components. (source)

用于治疗淋巴癌、骨癌、白血病等。 以人宫颈癌细胞（JTC-26）做体外筛选试验，结果显示，土茯苓热水浸出物在500μg/ml浓度下，对JTC-26抑制率达100%；而博来霉素（5μg/ml）抑制率仅为66%。另土茯苓提取物有抑制小鼠肉瘤180（S 180 ）及人宫颈癌细胞生长的作用。 (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Thabrew MI, et al., Cytotoxic effects of a decoction of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Life Sci. 2005 Aug 5; 77(12):1319-30.
2. Iddamaldeniya SS, et al., Protection against diethylnitrosoamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by an indigenous medicine comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra: a preliminary study. J Carcinog. 2003 Oct 18; 2(1):6.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Safety

宜忌: 肝肾阴亏者慎服。