General
Scientific Names: Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi
Common Names: Ye Ge, Ge Gen, Ge Tiao, Fen Ge, Gan Ge, Ge Teng.
BOTANICAL:
来 源:
為豆科多年生落叶藤本植物野葛Pueraria lobata (Willd.) ohwi 的根。分布于我国南北各地。
植物特征:
藤本,长约达10cm,全株被黄褐色长硬毛。三出复叶互生,托叶盾状着生,卵状椭圆形;中央小叶菱状卵形或宽卵形,侧生小叶斜椭圆形,两面被糙毛。背面较密;托叶盾形,小托叶针状。总状花序腋生,花密集;小苞片卵形或披针形;花萼钟状,萼齿5,上面2齿合生,下面1齿较长,内外面均被黄色柔毛;花冠蝶形,蓝紫色,长约1.5cm。荚果线形,长5~10cm,扁平,密生黄褐色长硬毛。花期5~9月,果期8~10月。
生于山坡草丛、路旁、疏林中较阴湿处。主产湖南、浙江、河南、广东。
生药材鉴定:
干燥块根呈长圆柱形,药材多纵切或斜切成板状厚片,长短不等,约长20厘米左右,直径5~10厘米,厚0.7~1.3厘米。白色或淡棕色,表面有时可见残存的棕色外皮,切面粗糙,纤维性强。质硬而重,富粉性,并含大量纤维,横断面可见由纤维所形成的同心性环层,纵切片可见纤维性与粉质相间,形成纵纹。无臭,味甘。以块肥大、质坚实、色白、粉性足、纤维性少者为佳;质松、色黄、无粉性、纤维性多者质次。显微鉴定:(1) 野葛 粉末:淡灰白色。①淀粉粒众多,单粒圆球形或椭圆形,直径3-37 μm,脐点点状、裂逢状、人字状或十字状,大粒层纹隐约可见;复粒多由2-10数个分粒组成,直径40μm。②纤维细长,稍弯曲,直径16-29μm,壁颇厚,木化,有的次生壁与初生壁多少脱离;纤维束周围细胞几全含方晶,形成晶纤维,方晶多横向排列,含晶细胞壁不均匀木化增厚。③草酸钙方晶多呈类双锥形或多面形、板状,直径约至20μm,长至33μm。④具缘纹孔导管较粗大,直径至200μm,具缘纹孔六面形或椭圆形,排列极为紧密,可见数个纹孔口连接成线状;傍管木薄壁细胞长方形或类方形,壁稍增厚,有明显的单纹孔。此外,偶见木栓细胞、色素块及石细胞。(2)甘葛藤 粉末:灰白色。①淀粉粒主为复粒。单粒圆球形,直径8-15μm,脐点隐约可见;复粒由2-20多个分粒组成,直径至38μm,有的分粒大小悬殊。②纤维较少,直径5-25 μm,壁非木化。晶纤维周围的含晶细胞较大,方晶直径5-17μm,长约至22μm,表面常现龟裂状或裂成细小碎块。
Pharmacology
化学成分:
葛根含异黄酮成分葛根素(Puerarin)、葛根素木糖甙(Puerarin-xyloside)、大豆黄酮(Daidzein)、大豆黄酮甙(Daidzin)及β-谷甾醇(β-SitosteIrol)、花生酸(Arachidic acid),又含多量淀粉(新鲜葛根中含量为19~20%)。甘葛藤的干根含淀粉37%三裂叶野葛藤的根部含淀粉15~20%。从印度的同届植物 Pueraria tuberosa 的根中分离出葛根素、大豆黄酮、大豆黄酮甙、β-谷甾醇、4",6"-二乙酷葛根素(4",6"-Di-o-acetyIpuerarin) 和豆甾醇(Stigma-sterol)。野葛根含大豆素(daidzein)约0.13%、大豆甙(daidzin) 约 0.13%、大豆素-4ˊ,7-二葡萄糖甙(daidzein-4ˊ,7-diglucoside)、葛根素(puerarin)、葛根素-7-木糖甙(puerarin-7-xyloside)、4ˊ,6″-O-二乙酰葛根素(4ˊ,6″-O- diacetylpuerarin)及淀粉10%-14%。尚含尿囊素(allantoin)、β-谷甾醇、胡萝卜甙、6ˊ,7- 二甲氧基香豆素、5-甲基海因(5-methy-hydrantoin)及酚性物质、葛甙(pueroside)A,B等。
Efficacy
IN VITRO:
- Yu Z, et al.,
Induction of apoptosis by puerarin in colon cancer HT-29 cells.
Cancer Lett. 2005 Jul 28; [Epub ahead of print].
- Jeon GC, et al.,
Antitumor activity of spinasterol isolated from Pueraria roots.
Exp Mol Med. 2005 Apr 30; 37(2):111-20.
- Kim OS, et al.,
Establishment of in vitro test system for the evaluation of the estrogenic activities of natural products.
Arch Pharm Res. 2004 Sep; 27(9):906-11.
- Cherdshewasart W, et al.,
The differential anti-proliferation effect of white (Pueraria mirifica), red (Butea superba), and black (Mucuna collettii) Kwao Krua plants on the growth of MCF-7 cells.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Aug; 93(2-3):255-60.
- Lee YS, et al.,
Requirement of metabolic activation for estrogenic activity of Pueraria mirifica.
J Vet Sci. 2002 Dec; 3(4):273-7.
- Boue SM, et al.,
Evaluation of the estrogenic effects of legume extracts containing phytoestrogens.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Apr 9; 51(8):2193-9.
- Benlhabib E, et al.,
Composition, red blood cell uptake, and serum protein binding of phytoestrogens extracted from commercial kudzu-root and soy preparations.
J Med Food. 2002 Fall; 5(3):109-23.
- Jang MH, et al.,
Protective effects of puerariaeflos against ethanol-induced apoptosis on human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC.
Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001 Dec; 87(4):338-42.
- Lee KT, et al.,
Tectorigenin, an isoflavone of Pueraria thunbergiana Benth., induces differentiation and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Oct; 24(10):1117-21.
Safety 用药忌宜: ①张元素:"不可多服,恐损胃气。" ②《本草正》:"其性凉,易于动呕,胃寒者所当慎用。" ③《本草从新》:"夏日表虚汗多尤忌。" |