General

Scientific Names: Cudrania tricuspidata.

Common Names: Zhe Shu, Zhe Sang, Wen Zhang Shu, Hui Sang Shu, Zhe Zi, Ye Mei Zi, Ye Li Zhi, Lao Hu Gan, Huang Sang, Huang Liao Ci, Jiu Chong Pi.

BOTANICAL:

落叶灌木或小乔木，高可达8米以上。单叶互生，近革质，卵圆形或倒卵形，长5-13厘米，基部楔形或圆形，先端钝或渐尖，全缘或3裂，上面暗绿色，下面淡绿色；幼时两面均有毛，成长后除下面脉略有毛外，余均光滑无毛；基部3出脉，侧脉4-5对；叶柄长约1厘米，略有毛；托叶小，分离，侧生。花单性，雌雄异株；皆成头状花序，具短梗，单一或成对腋生；雄花被4裂，苞片2或4，雄蕊4，花丝直立；比例花被4裂，花柱1。聚花果近球形，径约2.5厘米，红色，有肉质宿存花被及苞片包裹瘦果。花期6月。果期9-10月。

喜生在阳光充足的荒山、坡地、丘陵及溪旁。分布河北、山东、河南、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、四川、云南、贵州、广东、广西等地。

本植物的根（穿破石）、树皮或根皮（柘木白皮）、茎叶（柘树等茎叶）、果实（柘树果实）可供药用。

Pharmacology

Eight new isoprenylated xanthones, cudratricusxanthones A-H (1-8), were isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata, together with ten known compounds, cudraxanthones H (9) and M (10), xanthone V(1a) (11), toxyloxanthone C (12), macluraxanthone B (13), 1-hydroxy-3, 6, 7-trimethoxyxanthone (14), cycloartocarpesin (15), artocarpesin (16), cudraflavone B (17), and kaempferol (18). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Xanthones 5, 7, 10, and 12 showed inhibitory effects on four kinds of human digestive apparatus tumor cell lines (HCT-116, SMMC-7721, SGC-7901, and BGC-823) with IC(50) values of 1.6-11.8 microg/mL. Xanthones 2, 4, and 11 displayed significant cytotoxicity against HCT-116, SMMC-7721, and SGC-7901 (IC(50)=1.3-9.8 microg/mL). Flavonoids 15-17 were almost inactive. (Source)

1. Wang YH, et al., New isoprenylated flavones, artochamins A--E, and cytotoxic principles from Artocarpus chama. J Nat Prod. 2004 May; 67(5):757-61.
2. Zou YS, et al., Cytotoxic isoprenylated xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004 Apr 15; 12(8):1947-53.
3. Puntumchai A, et al., Lakoochins A and B, new antimycobacterial stilbene derivatives from Artocarpus lakoocha. J Nat Prod. 2004 Mar; 67(3):485-6.
4. Syah YM, et al., Two new cytotoxic isoprenylated flavones, artoindonesianins U and V, from the heartwood of Artocarpus champeden. Fitoterapia. 2004 Mar; 75(2):134-40.
5. Hakim EH, et al., Artoindonesianin P, a new prenylated flavone with cytotoxic activity from Artocarpus lanceifolius. Fitoterapia. 2002 Dec; 73(7-8):668-73.
6. Uchiyama T, te al., Seco-Adianane-type triterpenoids from Dorstenia brasiliensis (Moraceae). Phytochemistry. 2002 Aug; 60(8):761-4.
7. Lee IK, et al., Cytotoxic benzyl dihydroflavonols from Cudrania tricuspidata.Phytochemistry. 1996 Jan; 41(1):213-6.
   
   

Efficacy

药理试验证明，本品对实验动物肿瘤瘤株U27、S180、艾氏腹水癌有一定抑制率，并有一定镇痛作用。临床对食管癌、胃癌及结直肠癌有一定的疗效，能使部分患者肿块稳定，具有改善梗阻、减轻疼痛、增进食欲，增加体重，消退胸腹水等作用，能使晚期病人抵抗力增加，恶液质改善。 适用于晚期食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌及结肠癌。也可试用于其他癌症。

IN VITRO:

1. Jeyaprakash AA, et al., Crystal structure of the jacalin-T-antigen complex and a comparative study of lectin-T-antigen complexes. J Mol Biol. 2002 Aug 23; 321(4):637-45.
2. Li LC, et al., Inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of sanggenon C on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to human synovial cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 Feb; 23(2):138-42.
3. Cidade HM, et al., Artelastocarpin and carpelastofuran, two new flavones, and cytotoxicities of prenyl flavonoids from Artocarpus elasticus against three cancer cell lines. Planta Med. 2001 Dec; 67(9):867-70.
4. Seo WG, et al., Ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Am J Chin Med. 2001; 29(2):313-20.
   
   
   
   

Safety