General

Scientific Names: Euphorbia helioscopia L.

Common Names: Ze Qi, Wu Duo Yun, Mao Er Yan Cao, Nai Jiang Cao.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为大戟科植物泽漆Euphorbia helioscopia L.的全草。

植物特征： 一年生或二年生草本，高10～30cm，全株含乳汁。茎基部分枝，带紫红色。叶互生，倒卵形或匙形，长1～3cm，宽0.7～1cm，先端微凹，边缘中部以上有细锯齿，无柄。茎顶有5片轮生的叶状苞；总花序多歧聚伞状，顶生，有5伞梗，每伞梗生3个小伞梗，每小伞梗又第3回分为2叉； 杯状聚伞花序钟形，总苞顶端4裂，裂间腺体4， 肾形；子房3室，花柱3。蒴果无毛。种子卵形，表面在凸起的网纹。花期4～5月，果期6～7月。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 含泽漆皂甙（phasin）、槲皮素-3，5-二半乳糖甙（tithymalin）、β-dihydrofucosterol)、泽漆醇（heliscopiol）、西酸及苹果酸钙。

Efficacy

Antitumor activity of the aquatic extract the root of Euphorbia helioscopia L (EWE) in Vitro were studied. Viable cells count, MTT staining and colonal formation assays of three kinds of cancer cells were used to assess the antitumor activity. Determined by viable cells count, the IC50 values of EWE against 7721, Hela, MKN-45 cells were 1.26, 1.98, 1.72 mg/ml respectively (72 h). Determined MTT staining, the IC50 values EWE against 7721, Hela, MKN-45 cells were 1.43, 1.67, 0.97 mg/ml. Determined by colonal formation, the inhibition rate of EWE (4 mg/ml) against 7721, Hela, MKN-45 cells were 59.8%, 66.4%, 70.5%. The results indicated that EWE had obvious antitumor activity. (source)

Irritant diterpene ester toxins were isolated from Euphorbia nubica and E. helioscopia, which are contaminants of the green fodder of livestock in Egypt. Fractionations of methanol extracts of aerial parts of both plants were monitored by the irritation unit on the mouse ear. Plant extracts were subjected to multiplicative distribution methods, yielding irritant hydrophilic fractions that were further purified by column chromatography. Final purification of the materials was achieved by TLC (silica gel) followed by HPLC, or by TLC alone. In this way, from E. nubica, five Euphorbia factors (Nu1-Nu5) were isolated and characterized as short-chain polyfunctional diterpene esters of tigliane-type parent alcohols. The two weak irritants Nul and Nu3 were triesters of 4-deoxy(4alpha)phorbol. Nu2 was shown to be a triester of the stereoisomeric tigliane-type parent alcohol 4-deoxyphorbol. Weak irritant Nu4 probably is a positional isomer of Nu2. Nu5 was characterized as a short-chain triester of 4,20-dideoxy-5xi-hydroxyphorbol. From E. helioscopia, six short- to medium-chain polyfunctional diterpene esters of the ingenane type, generally containing unsaturated acids were obtained, i.e., four irritant esters of ingenol (Euphorbia factors H1, H2, H5, and H6) and two esters of 20-deoxyingenol (non-irritant Euphorbia substance HS4, and irritant Euphorbia factor H8). All irritant Euphorbia factors of the tigliane and ingenane diterpene ester type described in this investigation are considered to be more or less active tumor promoters, i.e., conditional (non-genotoxic) cancerogens. The Euphorbia factors assayed exhibited moderate (H1) to low (H8) relative tumor-promoting potency in comparison to the ingenane prototype DTE tumor promoter 3-TI. (source)

败毒抗癌，用于癌瘤积毒：

乳腺癌 泽漆、金银花、王不留行各30克，紫金锭12克，冰片0.6克 将前3味制成浸膏干粉，加入后2味研匀，每次服2克，日4次。能使肿核消除。

宫颈癌 泽漆、贯众各15克，补血草30克 水煎服，日1剂。能使阴道流血停止，肿疡消除。

食管癌 泽漆、丹参、鸡内金、全蝎、蜈蚣、制马钱子各15克，雄黄30克，共研细末，炼蜜和丸，丸重1.5克，每服1丸，日3次，黄酒或温开水送服。能使癌肿缩减，吞服顺利。

胃癌 泽漆、指甲、雄黄、全蝎、蜂房各9克，山慈姑、鸡内金各30克 共研细末，炼蜜和丸，丸重3克，每服1丸，早、晚各服1次，用白花蛇舌草30克煎汤分送，日1剂。能使肿胀不适等症状缓解。X线钡餐检查，肿块阴影缩小。

淋巴肉瘤 泽漆、蛇六谷（先煎2小时）、蛇莓、蒲公英、七叶一枝花、海颧、昆布、地龙各12克，黄药子、夏枯草、牡蛎各30克 水煎服，日1剂。能使不规则发热及压迫症状缓解，淋巴结肿大缩减，可结合放射治疗。

皮肤癌 泽漆、农吉利各30克 切碎，水煎3次，煎液合并，水浴上浓缩成膏。用时先把局部用椒、葱各适量煎汤洗净，再针此膏涂敷，每日换药1次。3个月后病灶逐渐缩小，迄活休检查癌细胞转阴。 (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Hussain Z, et al., The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and Murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Phytother Res. 2004 Jan; 18(1):73-7.
2. Cai Y, et al., [Antitumor activity of the root of Euphorbia helioscopic in vitro]. Zhong Yao Cai. 1999 Feb; 22(2):85-7. Chinese.
3. Zayed SM, et al., Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens (tumor promoters) in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae). V. Skin irriitant and tumor-promoting diterpene ester toxins of the tigliane and ingenane type in the herbs Euphorbia nubica and Euphorbia helioscopia contaminating fodder of livestock. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Jan; 127(1):40-7.
4. Nawito M, et al., Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens (tumor promoters) in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae). IV. Toxicologic and pathophysiologic observations in lactating goats and their suckling kids fed on the irritant herbs Euphorbia nubica and Euphorbia helioscopia: an etiologic model for investigations on the putative risk of cancer by consumption of food p. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Jan; 127(1):34-9.
5. Zayed SM, et al., Dietary cancer risk conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae). I. Skin irritant and tumor-promoting ingenane-type diterpene esters in E. peplus, one of several herbaceous Euphorbia species contaminating fodder of livestock. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1998; 124(3-4):131-40. Erratum in: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998; 124(6):351.
   
   
   

IN VIVO:

1. Cai Y, et al., [Experimental study on antitumor activity of the root of Eurphorbia helioscopia in vivo]. Zhong Yao Cai. 1999 Nov; 22(11):579-81. Chinese.

Safety

宜忌: 有毒。