General

Scientific Names: Solanum indicum L.

Common Names: Zi Hua Qie, Niu Zai Qie, Liu Zai Qie, Ci Gan Ju, Tian Qie Zi, Wu Zhai Qie, Jin Niu Tou.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 為茄科茄屬植物紫花茄 Solanum indicum L. ，以 果實、種子、 根及全草入藥。

植物特征： 灌木，通常高 1 ～ 1.5m ，全株密生分枝具柄的星狀絨毛，並生有基部寬扁的淡黃色彎形皮刺，刺長 4 ～ 7mm 。葉卵形，長 5 ～ 11cm ，寬 2.5 ～ 8.5cm ，頂端鈍；基部心形或截形， 5 ～ 7 深裂或波狀圓裂，兩面有星狀絨毛，脈上有皮刺；葉柄長 2～4cm ，花序蠍尾狀；腋外生，長 3.5 ～ 6cm ；花梗長約 1.5cm ；花萼杯狀， 5 裂；花冠輻狀，白色或藍紫色，直徑約 2cm ，深 5 裂。漿果球形，成熟時橙黃色，直徑約 1cm ，宿萼向外反折，有針刺，花期春～秋季。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 果含生物鹼、黃酮 苷 、酚類、氨基酸及有機酸。生物鹼有龍葵鹼 (solanine)0.2% 和澳洲茄胺 (solasadine) 等。另含薯蕷皂 苷 元 (diosgenin) 。葉含龍葵鹼 0.02% 。莖含澳洲茄胺、薯蕷皂 苷 元等，含量遠較果實為少。根含龍葵鹼 0.02% 。

Efficacy

Solavetivone (1), cytotoxic to OVCAR-3 cells with an IC(50) value of 0.1 mM, has been isolated from Solanum indicum. In addition, a novel solafuranone (2) and three known compounds, scopoletin, N-(p-trans-coumaroyl)tyramine, and N-trans-feruloyltyramine, were isolated for the first time from this plant. The structures of the above compounds were established by means of spectroscopic and X-ray analyses. (source)

The new steroidal alkaloid capsimine-3-O-beta-D-glucoside [1] was isolated from the root bark of Solanum capsicastrum, and carpesterol [2], 3 beta-(p-hydroxy)-benzoyloxy-22 alpha-hydroxy-4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-stigmast-7-en-6-one [3], and a new steroidal glycoside named indioside A [4] were isolated from the fruit of Solanum indicum. Indioside A was characterized as 3 beta-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2), beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4), beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-]alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(-->2)]-beta-D- glucopyranosyl]-diosgenin. Khasianine, dihydrosolasodine, capsimine, and capsimine-3-O-beta-D-glucoside exhibited strong activity against liver damage induced by CCl4. Capsimine and narigenin exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against human PLC/PRF/5 and KB cells in vitro, and capsicastrine and etioline exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells in vitro. (source)

Beta-Sitosterol (SI-0), beta-sitosterol glucoside (SI-1), dioscin (SI-2), methyl protoprosapogenin A of dioscin (SI-3), methyl protodioscin (SI-4) and protodioscin (SI-5) were isolated and characterized from the whole plant of Solanum indicum L. (Solanaceae). Except for beta-sitosterol, these compounds have not been previously isolated from Solanum indicum L. Both CHCl3 soluble (SI-IV) and insoluble (SI-V) fractions of the ethanolic extract (SI-I) showed cytotoxicity on seven cancer cell lines: Colo-205 (colon), KB (nasopharynx), HeLa (uterine cervix), HA22T (hepatoma), Hep-2 (laryngeal epidermoid), GBM8401/TSGH (glioma) and H1477 (melanoma). The purified constituents, SI-2 and SI-4 showed more potent effects by DEA and MTT assay. SI-2,3,4 and 5 also demonstrated cytotoxicity on cultured C6 glioma cells by PRE assay, ans SI-3,4 and 5 showed a tumor inhibitory effect in vivo in C6 glioma cells. In addition, SI-2 had an inhibitory effect on the DNA synthesis of C6 glioma cells at 10 micrograms/ml. (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Syu WJ, et al., Cytotoxic and novel compounds from Solanum indicum. J Nat Prod. 2001 Sep; 64(9):1232-3.
2. Gan KH, et al., Cytotoxic principles and their derivatives of Formosan Solanum plants. J Nat Prod. 1993 Jan; 56(1):15-21.
3. Chiang HC, et al., Experimental antitumor agents from Solanum indicum L. Anticancer Res. 1991 Sep-Oct; 11(5):1911-7.
   
   
   
   

Safety

宜忌: 本品有毒，過量服用，可致口乾、口渴、吞咽困難、體溫升高、皮膚乾燥發紅、瞳孔擴大、視力模糊等中毒症狀，重者可出現呼吸、循環抑制，甚至呼吸衰竭而致死。